One'ula Beach: The Ewa Location Of Historic December 7, 1941 Air Photos By Lee Embree From Army Boeing B-17-E Flying Fortress

One'ula Beach: The Ewa Location Of Historic December 7, 1941 Air Photos By Lee Embree From Army Boeing B-17

By John Bond, Ewa Battlefield Historian

2013 Ewa Battlefield Commemoration
http://ewabattlefield.blogspot.com/2013/11/Ewa-Battlefield-Commemoration.html

On the morning of 7 December 1941, twelve Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses were approaching Hawaii after a 14-hour flight from California. 

Also arriving in the mail to homes all over America and Hawaii was the LIFE magazine cover story entitled "Air Power" featuring a B-17 bomber on the cover.

However, the unfortunately timed arrival of the new B-17's from California destined for the defense of the Philippines were flying right into the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. The concept of AIR POWER on that morning belonged to the Imperial Japanese Navy...as well as phenomenal luck!

Fate couldn't have played a worse hand for the sleeping Oahu military guarding the bases around Pearl Harbor.

Graphic by Reuters

Instead of a full scale air raid alert that would have sent Army and Marine fighters into the air to challenge inbound Japanese bombers, the B-17 flight arrival caused the Army radar report from Opana Point of a mass of incoming planes (actually Japanese) to be dismissed as the expected flight of American Army B-17 Flying Fortresses.

In order to save fuel, the B-17s had a skeleton crew consisting of pilot, copilot, navigator, engineer and radioman. They carried their bomb sights and machine guns but no ammunition; the 2,400 mile (3,840 km) flight required all the gasoline the aircraft could carry.

Some of the planes also carried Army passengers hitching a ride to the Philippines, such as Army Tech Sergeant Lee Embree

12 unarmed B-17's like this one were inbound to Hickam Field on the morning of December 7, 1941. Among them was an Army Tech Sergeant with a Speed Graphic camera.

The full story of this B-17 flight is quite amazing, but has been omitted here to primarily address two of the most famous photos taken during the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.

These were the very first air to air combat photos taken during the opening moments of the Pacific War and they were taken right over the coastal community of Ewa Beach, Hawaii. The Japanese used the airspace over Ewa as their primary staging area for the attack and withdrawal of their naval air forces.

The long B-17 flight over the ocean was uneventful, and as they neared Hawaii, radio station KGMB was playing Hawaiian music for them to use in locating the island. Ironically this also provided an excellent homing beacon for Japanese planes!

The flight contacted the Hickam Field tower at 0745 hours local Hawaiian Time but was still too far away, and the transmission was too garbled for anyone to understand.

A few minutes later the B-17s sighted the Hawaiian Islands and Oahu came into view on the horizon. As the planes got closer Army Tech Sergeant Lee Embree in one of the B-17's saw what he thought were burning sugar cane fields in the distance as they neared Pearl Harbor. A logical assumption as Pearl Harbor was bordered by sugar plantations.

The B-17 flight then spotted a group of fighter aircraft coming to meet them. Thinking they were Americans, the pilots were glad to have escorts for the remaining miles into the field.

Unlike the Zero fighter, the D3A "Val" was a dive bomber equipped with 7.7 mm wing machine guns and a rear gunner with a swiveling 7.7 mm machine gun. These planes extensively strafed Ewa Field, Ewa Plantation and also strafed and killed an Army railway engineer at nearby Fort Barrette.

Suddenly the "friendly aircraft" began firing at them, and the large bombers quickly dived out of the formation, scattering in every direction. One pilot still thought that this was just "very realistic" military training...

At Ewa Field, some Marines watching the first Zeros coming in to strafe the lined up planes were saying "somebody's going to the brig for using live ammunition!" But it soon became apparent to everyone that this was no realistic drill and Marine sergeant John Hughes was already at the airfield armory getting ammunition for his 1903 bolt action Springfield rifle.

In the B-17-E passing along the shoreline by Ewa Field that Army photographer Lee Embree was in, they were met by D3A "Val" dive bombers that flew in close firing some shots, but the Japanese planes were still wary of the large American bomber, which they didn't know wasn't armed.

"They passed us so close on the left, I could see the pilots' faces," he said. "They were grinning from ear to ear," Embree recalled in a post war interview.

After taking some shots at the B-17 Lee Embree was in, the D3A "Vals" left, not knowing the

bomber was an "unarmed fortress" that could have been easily shot down...

"We were just very lucky," Embree said, "The plane was hit several times, but we weren't."

On its third circle over Pearl Harbor and passing near the already under attack Ewa Field Marine air base,  Embree's plane was out of fuel and forced to land — still in the midst of the attack.

The plane made its Hickam Field approach along the Ewa shoreline, passing by One'ula Beach when Embree took one of the most famous photos of the December 7 air attack, which shows Ewa Field in the background and the burning reckage of a Japanese D3A Val and an American Navy SBD from the USS Enterprise, both crashed in the same location.

D3A "Val" dive bombers circle over another crashed Val involved in a dogfight with a Navy SBD from the USS Enterprise which has also crashed in the same location.

Close-up of Lee Embree photo shows the One'ula Beach location, Ewa Field and crash sites.

Killed in this air crash was the Navy SBD crew and also two Japanese D3A air crew. More Navy SBD's were shot down in this same area crashing nearby or off shore.

"Many people have asked me why I didn't take more photos from the air," Embree said. "I can only answer that I was so flabbergasted at what I saw that I forgot about the camera that was in my hand."

(More accounts of this One'ula Beach crash site from ground eye-witnesses Harry Ching of Ewa Beach and Ramsay Hishinuma of Ewa Village who were there on Sunday morning, December 7, 1941, which is included in the final Ewa Battlefield report soon to be published.)

Before the Haseko development began this is how the area looked around 2000. This coastal area has been radically transformed over the past 13 years and is now filled with houses. The bodies of two Japanese aircrew remain buried in an unknown Karst sinkhole in this same crash site area.

Navy SBD's of the same USS Enterprise pre-war era shot down around the Ewa shoreline and Ewa Field. The planes were in a similar class as the Japanese D3A "Val" as dive bombers with a rear seat gunner.

Navy SBD dive bombers were to later take great revenge against the Pearl Harbor attacking Japanese air craft carriers and crews at the Battle of Midway in June 1942, sinking four Japanese carriers and placing the Imperial Japanese Navy into a mostly defensive posture until the end of the war in 1945. 

The inbound flight of Lee Embree's B-17-E making it's final approach to Hickam Field...

The Speed Graphic view angle of Lee Embree's photo and a later shot of his B-17-E

on the ground at Hickam Field as planes burn in the background.

 These two very important historic photographs appeared in Life, Time and other magazines, and copies of the pictures are kept in the National Archives. Embree continued as a professional photographer after he left the military as an Army reserve Major

and passed away at his home in Washington State on January 24, 2008.

The classic medium 4x5 format Speed Graphic camera - more details are still in the negatives...

The view today off Ewa Beach - Puuloa and Iroquois Point shows the inbound path for landing at Hickam Field. After bombing Pearl Harbor Nakajima Kate bombers left along the same Ewa route. 

The Japanese wartime media made very good use of the attack photos they took and made a widely distributed movie newsreel using Richard Strauss "Sunrise' theme music... 

The Japanese were also taking lots of photos and movies of the Pearl Harbor air attack

and even made art posters and a propaganda film distributed world-wide which used German composer Richard Strauss "Also sprach Zarathustra, Op. 30" music featuring the initial fanfare entitled "Sunrise" – which many decades later became particularly well known to the general public due to its use in Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Here's the actual Japanese Wartime Newsreel "Air Attacks Over Hawaii"

with "Sunrise" soundtrack in Flash and WMV formats for your viewing pleasure.

NOTE:  For Japan the attack took place December 8, 1941

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0Bw2uzVSlrRFbSVNXZWQzcnVGTE0/edit

These are the same newsreel except one is in WMV and the other is Flash format

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0Bw2uzVSlrRFbY05xenhKT2lyQWM/edit

Below is the Strauss "Sunrise" theme music if you have never seen the film "2001"...

D3A "Vals" taking off to bomb Pearl Harbor and later strafe Ewa Field and Ewa Plantation.

Japanese photo of Nakajima Kates with torpedoes flying inbound over Lualualei heading towards Ewa where they would fly past Ewa Field and over Ewa Plantation villages, as witnessed by numerous village residents, Sergeant John Hughes, and is included in the Ewa Battlefield report. 

Outbound Japanese Kates have already dropped bombs and heading back along Ewa shoreline.

Japanese art poster and postcard produced for Japanese wartime population.

Below are frames from the wartime Japanese newsreel entitled "Air Attacks Over Hawaii"

with Strauss "Sunrise" theme music.

Prior to becoming a US Marine Corps airfield in January 1941, it was actually known as Ewa Mooring Mast Field, which has a history going back to 1925, as this link shows:

https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B-rtjNGAofQPbV82TXZDTGFZaDA&usp=sharing

The Ewa area was the primary staging and gathering place for attacking Japanese planes.

A Final Great Movie Irony - Ewa Field stars in "Tora, Tora, Tora" but gets no credit!

A final great irony to the Ewa Field story is that Navy real estate managers allowed the very historic Ewa Field hanger, that survived the December 7, 1941 attack and had its own aviation history going back to the 1920's, to be blown up in a scene for the movie "Tora, Tora, Tora."

2013 Ewa Battlefield Commemoration

http://ewabattlefield.blogspot.com/2013/11/Ewa-Battlefield-Commemoration.html

The Unknown Ewa Battlefield, December 7, 1941

http://ewafield.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-unknown-ewa-battlefield-december-7.html

A more complete story of the inbound Army  B-17's can be found on the link below:

http://homepage.ntlworld.com/andrew.etherington/articles/level1/pearl_harbor_the_b17_flight.htm

Lee Embree, first photographer to fly into 1941 Pearl Harbor attack, dies in Port Angeles

http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/article/20080125/NEWS/801250302

75th Anniversay of the Attack on Ewa Battlefiel​d Commemorat​ion

 75th Anniversay of the Attack on Ewa Battlefiel​d 

Commemorat​ion

http://ewa-battlefield-nomination.blogspot.com/2015/02/ewa-field-battlefield-determination.html

Major John Hughes, USMC (Ret.) was honored as well as the Marines, soldiers and naval air crews killed and wounded on and around Ewa Field on December 7, 1941.

US Marines and other military cadet organizations provided commemoration honors.

Commemoration of Historic Ewa Battlefield

“We were surprised when we heard about this because the Marines, we're deep, deep in the history of our Corps, and we'd never heard of this air station," said Richard Pittman, 67, visitor to Ewa Field and US Marine Medal of Honor recipient visiting Ewa Field.

 "This is history, and you are not going to find a site like this that is isolated like this," "I'm standing on history right now." - Jay Vargas, another Medal of Honor recipient at Ewa.

According to Ewa Field historical research, at least 11 Medals of Honor were awarded to Marine pilots who trained at the combat airfield, home to many famous squadrons and combat air aces. Even aviation legend Charles Lindbergh flew F4U Corsairs at Ewa.

Honoring Major John A. Hughes, USMC

http://ewabattlefield.blogspot.com/2013/11/Major-John-Hughes-Ewa.html

Island Images: Medal of Honor - MCAS Ewa Field Medal of Honor Photos

 

http://ewafield.blogspot.com/2013/04/island-images-medal-of-honor-mcas-ewa.html

 

Gathering of the brave - US Marines Medal of Honor visit MCAS Ewa Field to pay respects to fallen Marine aviation heroes

http://ewafield.blogspot.com/2013/04/gathering-of-brave-us-marines-medal-of.html

Medal of Honor Recipients at former MCAS Ewa - KHON TV News

 

http://ewafield.blogspot.com/2013/05/medal-of-honor-recipients-at-former.html

Heroes at Hawaii's Ewa Field defended against Japan attack

Daniel Martinez, chief historian of the WWII Valor in the Pacific National Monument at Pearl Harbor, told the crowd that 'Ewa Field was the birth of Marine aviation in the Pacific "and that is why this place is important."   …Ewa Field is "Sacred Ground."

http://ewafield.blogspot.com/2013/07/Japanese-Attack-Ewa-Field.html

MCAS Ewa Field - home base for eleven Medal of Honor recipient pilots

http://ewafield.blogspot.com/2013/07/MCAS-Ewa-Medal-Of-Honor-Pilots.html



Honoring Major John A. Hughes, USMC (Ret.), Combat Pilot and Ewa Field – Pearl Harbor Attack Survivor

Honoring Major John A. Hughes, USMC (Ret.), Combat Pilot and Ewa Field – Pearl Harbor Attack Survivor

The Honolulu City Council Honored John Hughes with an Honorary Certificate of Appreciation for his US Marine Corps service in WW-II and Korea and for his personal heroism on December 7, 1941, where he is seen in a famous photograph firing a 1903 Springfield rifle at attacking Japanese dive bombers during the attack on Ewa Field.

Below is the text of that certificate of appreciation:

 

 

Honoring Major John A. Hughes, USMC (Ret.), Combat Pilot and Ewa Field – Pearl Harbor Attack Survivor

 

On the fateful early morning of December 7, 1941, U.S. Marine Corps Sergeant John Hughes was ready for a quiet Sunday when he looked up to see approaching planes heading straight for the Ewa Mooring Mast Field, home of Marine Air Group 21.

As the planes got close they opened fire and Hughes saw the red ball insignia that immediately told him they were Japanese aircraft, and he quickly headed to the armory for a rifle and ammunition. During the attacks on the airfield, most of the Marine aircraft were destroyed by Japanese attackers with four Marines killed and numerous more wounded.

One of the most famous photos taken during the entire Imperial Japanese air attack on Oahu is of Sergeant John Hughes firing his 1903 Springfield bolt action rifle at attacking Japanese planes. This indelible image has become the iconic symbol of Ewa Field on December 7th.

John A. Hughes was born February 6, 1919 in Rivera, CA and raised in San Fernando Valley. A graduate of San Fernando High School in 1937, in May, 1938 he enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps in San Diego, CA. After boot camp he was transferred to Marine Aviation at North Island, San Diego, as an Aircraft Engine Overhaul Mechanic.

In January 1941, Marine Air Group 21 sailed to Hawaii, and located at former Navy Mooring Mast Field, Ewa, Oahu. Marines built a tent camp for about 600 personnel after clearing hundreds of large sisal plants from a rough ancient coral reef landscape. They lived in tents until October when a Naval Construction Battalion built Quonset huts.

MAG-21 operated during this time without major events until December 7, 1941. Four fellow Marines were killed, 33 airplanes destroyed, 14 damaged.

In February 1942, while at Ford Island helping repair aircraft damaged on a raid to the Marshall Gilberts, John Hughes received orders to Pensacola, Florida for flight training which he completed in December of that year. Transferred to Mojave, California, in March 1943 he was ordered to Espirito Santo, Southern Pacific, where he was assigned to VMSB 132 as a dive bomber pilot.

In June 1943 to April 1944 he participated in combat dive bombing missions in New Georgia, Bougainville, New Britain Campaigns, and in November 1944 was transferred to the Solomon Islands for assignment to VMSB 243 at Luzon, Philippine Islands where he was engaged in the Northern Luzon and Southern Mindanao Campaigns doing close air support for Army Troops. On September 1, 1945, the Pacific War was over and he returned to the “states”, at El Toro, California.

In November 1946 John Hughes married Mary Duba from Libertyville, Illinois, and in was then transferred to a squadron in China for observation and transport missions. In August 1948 he returned to a much larger MCAS Ewa Field as a Material Officer.

In January 1949 he was assigned to Cherry Point, NC, and flew F4U Corsairs and the F2H Banshee jet aircraft. In November 1951, John Hughes attended helicopter school, in Quantico Virginia and in May 1952 was sent to Korea, assigned to VMO 6 performing helicopter medical evacuation missions before being transferred back in March 1953 to El Toro, Ca.

In January 1954 to May 1954 he served aboard the USS Bairoko during Bikini atoll H-bomb tests and then in September, 1956 to September, 1960 he was stationed at the Bureau of Aeronautics, Washington, D.C. as the Head, Rotary Wing Section Maintenance Division.

In October 1960, he transferred to the MCAS in Okinawa, as an Airfield Operations Officer. His final tour was back to El Toro, CA for helicopter duty during December 1961 to June 1964  before retiring from the U.S. Marine Corps.

Completing 150 Missions, Major John Hughes was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, Air Medal, Letter of Commendation, Good Conduct Medal, American Defense, China Service, Asiatic Pacific Campaign, American Campaign, Victory WWII, Philippine Liberation, Korean Service, United Nations Korean Service, National Defense, Distinguished Pistol Shot, Distinguished Rifleman, Presidential Unit Citation, Navy Unit Citation.

We proudly and gratefully honor the historic and courageous service of John A. Hughes to our islands and to our nation.

Semper Fi.